Othello Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Othello - Essay Exampleful reevaluation of the play points to the f forge that the final victim in this classic play by Shakespeare is non Desdemona but Brabantio Desdemonas father.Brabantio, a Venetian Senator, awoke one night from a commotion brought about by Iago and Roderigo as they notify him that Desdemona has absconded with the black random access memory or Barbary horse, or Othello. The cardinal men tells the senator that the lascivious Moor has taken Desdemona and she has made a pull in revolt,/ Tying her duty, beauty, wit, and fortunes/ In an extravagant and wheeling stranger/ Of here and every where (1.1.126-137). When sense that his daughter is not in her bed, he ensues to place the culpability on his daughter and likewise blames Othello. Most critics would argue that Brabantio should arouse blamed himself more that anyone else (Hageman 67). On the other hand, Brabantio is deceived by the two, eloping wi atomic number 19t his consent. Brabantios sensibilities are in jured by this act as first, he is a respected senator in Venice, and second, he is the father of a girl who ran onward with a person he considered friend. Embarrassed and furious, Brabantio anxiously cries out to Roderigo, O unhappy girl--/ With the Moor, sayst thou?--Who would be a father--/ How didst thou know twas she?---O, she deceives me/ Past thought......O treason of the blood/ Fathers, from therefore trust not your daughters minds/ By what you see them act (1.1.163-171).Brabantios initial reaction demonstrates fury as he suffers betrayal from Desdemona, the daughter he adores. The words treason of the blood are particularly prodigious as they propose not only an act of unjustifiable trickery but also a profundity of fervor for his daughter which in effect, a trickery he fails to grasp. Eventually, he illustrates Desdemonas temperament as A maiden, never bold/ Of spirit so still and quiet that her motion/ Blushd at herself (1.3.94-96). Brabantio asks himself how the two a re able to deceive him.Failing to

The Victorians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Victorians - Essay ExampleI non only communicated through symbols, but also expressed my emotions through playing piano. The division of responsibilities was very epoch-making men and women recognized the difference in their roles and accepted the fact that even within marriage they were supposed(p) to lead separate lives until their death. Un wed women who got pregnant were highly disregarded in the Victorian era they were considered not only conspicuous, but also a danger to the societys stability. However, pregnancy of a married woman was highly valued because of the high position of babies after(prenominal) marriage.I remember a bad celebration that was held by my father when I experienced my first menstrual cycle. I think he held the celebration because he knew he was going to exchange me for a good amount of m adepty. He was the one that had the authority of deciding which boyfriend was to marry me depending on the money on his saving account. In connector with this, only women who were virgins were considered potential wives during my era. Virginity was an indication of not only purity of the woman, but also a meaning(a) bride price. Marriage in my era was also between couples from the same social class a slopped man married a woman from a wealthy family as surface as a poor man married a woman from a poor family. To avoid shame associated with uncalled matches, my parents controlled my company. It was a result of this that I married a wealthy man that I did not love. Double sample was also acknowledged in my era men were allowed to have many caramels considering that women were barred from having any lover apart from the husband because they were believed not to have sexual energy. The guilty of adultery, as well as well pregnancy of an unmarried woman, meant not only shame, but also humiliation. Thus, I avoided by all room having any relationship before marriage as well as outside my marriage after getting married to my husband.Divorce was also not very common during my era. It

Arbitration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arbitration - Essay ExampleAdditionally, another(prenominal) characteristics of arbitrament argon that it is a confidential process. The confidentiality of the existence of the process as well as any other disclosure made during the arbitration process is protected. Parties are allowed to restrict access to confidential information and change secrets. Moreover, the parties are required to select the arbiter or panel of arbitrators. The arbitrator is required to act frankly and impartially and accord each party a reasonable opportunity to present his or her case. An arbitrator is also required to implement a procedure appropriate to the situation in order to pull round at a fair decision.Agreements to arbitrate or arbitration articles are usually divided into dickens types. There are clauses that are contained in contracts and provide that in case of a quarrel, such dispute shall be resolved through arbitration. These contracts will be normal contracts, but with clauses to a rbitrate. The other type of arbitration agreements is signed after the dispute has occurred, and the parties agree to resolve this dispute through arbitration. These later types of arbitration agreements are considered as submission agreements. Regardless of the type of arbitration agreement adopted, it is imperative that both parties consent to the process. assume is obtained by signing contracts with arbitration clauses or signing of submission agreements. Also essential to an arbitration clause is the concept of mutuality. In Wisdom v. AccentCare (paragraph 5), the appellate court held that mutuality is vital in employment contracts and pretermit of mutuality renders the contract substantially and procedurally unconscionable. The issue before the court in this case was whether an arbitration clause contained in an employment contract requiring the employee to submit all disputes to binding arbitration lack mutuality or is mutuality inferred by the language of the agreement.In A T&T Mobility v. Concepcion (paragraph b), the

Analysis of VSauce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of VSauce - adjudicate ExampleCreative re-engineering and several developmental phases enables VSauce to incorporate diversified mechanics that have seen them shift the focalization from educative and informative channels to more scientific and comprehendible gaming channels and protocols that necessitate the cooperative impact and views and/or technical development from the users and designers in the community of interests. This gives the channels a competitive advantage comp bed to new(prenominal) sites in that the miscellanea of the views and generative aspects from the collaborations help the site in development and design of cutting-edge features. Customization of videos in terms of quality and the subject matter, video, gaming, sports and the interactive aspects, offers freedom of exchange and transfer of knowledge. This merits attention as it incorporates the diversity of age, social and cultural background, economic wellness and freedom of choice from the variet y which is the functional perspective of websites and their applications (Brown 8). Vsauce incorporates the development aspect in the provision of digital, clear and chronological scientific motion pictures in the field of scholarship giving the audience/ academic visitor a variety of videos which actualize the theoretical package taught in classroom atmosphere. This aspect diversifies its operations to more of a blog, content and archive site giving stratagem to the variety of users/visitors. Also the incorporation accommodates diversified interests of a single visitor by harmonizing and providing multiple solutions in one site unlike other sites that will give precise solution to a specific interest/problem. For instance, introduction of VSauce2 that has five recurring segments to cover unusual knowledge and technology, MindBlow, a segment that covers the inventions that are useful and their significance to the society are not only humorous but touches the collaborative and th e educative aspect of the invention part learnt in schools and in history. Also the FAK segment for facts and knowledge, which involves trivial questions, acts as a mental developmental program for all ages which gives the site credit in creativity aspects and collaborative ones as the channels work is from the users. Creativity is evident in the way VSauce incorporates the diversity of artistic talents from the users and the community in general. The incorporation of different phases of VSauce with time has seen developments in the users contribution in realizing the users talents and in line with the growth and development goal of the site and giving back to the society. For instance, the BiDiPi segment that stands for build it, hinge upon it and play it, incorporates the talents of the communities and the site user/fans and brings the competitive aspect of the site to the users which act as a motivational tool.

Investigate the hybrids of the bisection and the secant methods Research Paper

Investigate the hybrids of the bisection and the secant methods - Research Paper ExampleThe rate of convergence which records the outcome of iterations needed to attain a particular degree of accuracy, is not the key subject when assessing the computational metier of the algorithm. The quantity of floating point operations (flops), for each iteration should also be considered. In subject the iteration needs many flops, although an algorithm has a greater rate of convergence it might manoeuver more time to reach a required degree of precision. This method is therefore faster than due norths method and has an advantage since it only needs a single function evaluation for either iteration. This then serves as a compensation for the slower rate of convergence when the function and its derivative price higher to evaluate. Another disadvantage of this method is that, similar to newtons method, it lacks robustness, particularlty when the primary guesses are bring forward from topic . In addition, the method does not need differentiation.The bisection method is the modest and most robust algorithm for root-finding in a 1-dimensional continous function that has a closed interval. The basic principle of this technique is that if f(.) is a continous function convey over an interval a,b and f(a) and f(b) with opposite signs, according to the theorem of intermediate value, at least a single ra,b exists making f(r) = 0.This technique is iterative and every iteration begins by breaching the existing interval forming brackets around the root(s) into 2 subintervals of matching lengths. The endpoint of one the subintervals must have different signs. This subinterval is now the new interval and the ulterior iteration starts. Therefore it is possible to define lesser and lesser intervals such that every interval has r by checking subintervals of the present interval and selecting the interval where f(.) changes signs. This is a continous process that ends when the width of the interval having a root

Communication with people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Communication with people - Essay ExampleThe third story elaborates a persons perception about themselves while being in a relationship of any sort and prop healthy two-sided communication as an effective key of progress. The person identifies themselves as trustworthy or appearing as such so that the other person is comfortable to open up as well.The fourth story identifies eitherone having the best intention but also acknowledging that this might not be the instance with some people. If a person is good at his/her intentions, then it does not necessarily mean that others ar good with their intentions a well. However, benefit of doubt should be given and one should believe in the trade good of everyone.The fifth story evaluates the person as someone who does not need constant communication to oblige healthy relationships. A constant need to interact digitally is not necessary in every relationship and it is sometimes good to be alone for personal reflective

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Several Definitions of Feminism Essay

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Several Definitions of Feminism - Essay ExampleBesides, feminism concept is also referred to equal opportunities for women in a society in terms of education, property, and employment among others2. In this regard, Cott (1986) signified that the womens liberationist movements have aid in providing equal rights as well as justice, within modern society and determining differences in terms of expediency. In this context, womens rightist movements have aided in building a different heathen order based on certain logic and tradition3.Highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of several definitions of feminism as describe by the authors, feminism concepts cease be recognized to have aided women to understand their rights in a society better. On the contrary, several definitions of feminism initiated more negative arguments among the male members regarding women rights in a society, which can be considered as a weakness of the feminist movements. In thi s context, it can be identified that feminist movements have initiated a privilege for the women to maintain gender equality with male members in the modern civilization. away from this, feminist ideologies implied that the dominancy of the womanly members in a society should have gender equality, whereby feminist theories have assisted female members to attain the desired societal and professional identity4.Similarly, the feminist concept has introduced several legal bindings in the society in order to ensure the womens rights in terms of property, voting and marriage among others. Moreover, feminist ideologies have offered reproductive rights to the women including the right of abortion and contraceptive., Simultaneously, feminist ideologies have ensured protection towards women concerning matters of violence and sexual harassment, benefitting female members of the society quite impressively.

The Role of Strategic Entrepreneurship Dissertation

The Role of Strategic Entrepreneurship - Dissertation Example token attention would is given to how they are applied in detail. At the end of this chapter, the advocate carefully elaborates the pauperization to use of structural equation modeling, as a tool to put finally everything in detail into a model with valid empirical implications. This question would want to find out more approximately strategic entrepreneurship in the midst of prevailing tough competition. Concerning this, it is the main goal of the proponent to identify culture with empirical evidence if each firm could still consider achieving individual competitive edge dismantle if they would employ relevant competitive strategies. However, in order to identify this point, the proponent should ensure identification of the relevant methodology that would serve the objective of the study while it also would ensure validity of the output of the research study. This research aims to understand more about strategic en trepreneurship in the midst of prevailing dynamic competition. The proponent would want to find out if a firm could still guarantee competitive advantage all the same if they would employ relevant competitive strategies. Therefore, the following general question should generate answer at the end. When firms lock up in strategic entrepreneurship does it establish temporal competitive advantage in a dynamic surround when competing vis--vis other competitors in the industry with the objective of creating value for the society as a whole, shareholder of the firms, and the individuals? As already stated, the proponent would want to employ both quantitative and qualitative information from the existing studies conjugated up with strategic entrepreneurship. Empirical investigation is therefore necessary in order to create essential empirical evidence based on the existing theoretical concepts linked up with the subject thing that the proponent considers in this research study.

Controls for Outflows Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Controls for Outflows - Essay fashion modelThis will ensure that the employees be paid according to the amount of work done and will block throwment for hours not worked for. The employees must(prenominal) sign the time card every day and a supervisory program must subsequently approve the card. After approving the time card, the supervisor should then forward the records to the payroll department department for preparation of the salaries.Secondly, the Apollo limited must ensure that their personnel department records all the information regarding the mod employees, removal of names of employees whose contracts have been terminated, and adjustment of all variations in the employee pay rate. A supervisor must also approve these changes before the information is taken to the payroll department.Third, the payroll department must curb all deductions that are made on employees remuneration for example loan repayment, taxation and any early(a) deductions that are made. A contra stive employee must be give the mandate to recomputed the deductions and make any corrections or anomalies. The employees should the sign the payroll form for all the deductions made on their salaries.After all the deductions are calculated, the payroll department prepares a multicopy payroll register with information from the time card and information on payroll record where all deductions are indicated on employees pay (Romney & Steinbart, 2006). Another form is then alert indicating gross pay, all deduction, net pay, and the employees take this form home as pay slip. A different employee then recomputes the gross pay and deductions to make any correction reacquired before the employees are paid.The payroll department sends the payroll register to the accounts payable department where a voucher is prepared on each pay slip received. The department then prepares the required cheques, which are sent to the

Hart's Hotel Nottingham Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

stags Hotel Nottingham - Essay ExampleAn validation always aims at giving quality service to the customers. This is meant to attract more customers and then leading to cyberspace maximization and business expansion. This paper discusses in depth about Harts Hotel Nottingham, its accommodation and front service management. Harts hotel is said to be a magnificent place for exploration. Its a classical seventeenth century mansion owned by Tim and Stefa Harts and under management of Rupert Elliot. The hotel maintains high standards of modernization with light and aerial modern space. It presents beautiful scenery with walls decorated in a range of bright abstract canvasses and no echoes of its previous incarnation (Vickers, 200542). Not only is the place fantastic to the viewers sight exactly also a very clean environment with friendly and helpful staff. Scholar depict that the eating house advocates for excellent service and delicious menus. The hotel is located approximately a 3- minute walk form the city concentrate on hence convenient enough for visitation. Moreover, it portrays a quiet environment away from noise of traffic and nightlife thus relaxing and comfortable for stay (http//www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g186356-d292105-r14432692-Hart_s_Hotel-Nottingham_Nottinghamshire_England.html). Harts hotel has quite a pleasant accommodation service. The suite have high ceilings thus making the place light airy, contemporary, and comfortable. The top quality beds are neatly and stylishly equipped with goose down pillows and duvets, and Egyptian cotton bed linen. Once, a customer visited the

Digital Economy - Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Digital Economy - Literature recapitulation - Essay Examplegames under the names The Firm Ville, City Ville, Firm Ville 2, Chef Ville, castle Ville, Zynga Poker, Words With Friends, gravel With Friends, draw Something, Bubble Safari, Mafia Wars, Ayakashi, Horn, and Respawnables. All these games be provided on Facebook, mobile platforms and other social networking sites. The games are also present on Zynga.Com, Google+, Tencent, Apple iOS and Google Android (Raice, 2012). The company has registered great success in the new-fashioned past with a total customer base of about 83, million monthly active users from each over the earth in the year 2010. Her collaboration with the most popular social networking sites and effective growing of the available internet resources in the orb today has been the main reason behind the success of in her business.Zynga remains top among the most proffered internet games providers for many users from all over the solid ground. The company is as well(p) among the leading employers in the world in general. As per February 25th report on the companys employee database, the company was employing a total of 3,058 persons from across the world. Zynga has put down measures to boost her network and consequently her income earnings across the world following the tremendous drop registered in her performance in the year 2012.The business world, today, is swiftly changing focus to adopt the digital technologies in attracting and reaching as many customers from all over the world as possible. The developments in technology and the expansions in internet services across the globe are the furnish agent to the rapid spread in online applications for international business transactions. The availability of online social networking sites such as Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, Twitter among others have facilitated the development and expansion of online business leading to the rising trends in the expansion of several(prenominal) business enterprises across the globe. The greatest need for Zynga is to reach as many customers

Unit 5 IP introduction to law enforcement Essay

Unit 5 IP introduction to righteousness enforcement - Essay ExampleMembers, especially, those backing in organized societies deplete the right to be protected by law. Most states have law enforcement agencies at the local, national and international level. Apart from this, there are specialized agencies that focus on item areas like drugs, terrorism because local agencies do not have the required expertise, reach or resources to in effect tackle them. In general, it is the local police that arrive at the scene of a crime. But fetching into consideration the nature, extent and scope, the local police may require or be compelled to work with new(prenominal) law enforcement agencies. The advantage is that a concerted effort will be much more effective in solving and controlling such crimes mentioned above. But the disadvantage is the conflict of interests, lack of cooperation or coordination among the agencies manifold and to a certain extent, ethical dilemmas.This paper focus es on the concept of ethical dilemmas that may occur during cooperative effort between various law enforcement agencies and the local law enforcing department or agency (police department). In the process, the paper will attempt to identify possible dilemmas and also provide practical solutions in prescribe to solve or prevent such occurrences. The paper will take the form of a caseful study with regard to a local enforcement agency in a large city in the United States.The city in question is large and multiracial in nature. Typical of similar places, the main instances of crime are robbery, dealing and use of drugs (illegal substances), homicide and murder. Within the past decade new forms of crime have appeared the two major ones being terrorism and cyber crime. It should be noted that the city has not experienced either form of terrorist attack in the past. But after the 9/11 attack, security has been strengthened and the local enforcement administration has to work in

Importance of I Have a Dream speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Importance of I progress to a Dream rescue - Essay ExampleMevery icons still use such phrases to amalgamate people and carry out campaigns and r wholeies, especially the concluding paragraphs of I have a dream dustup And when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of graven images children, gloomy men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the oral communication of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last free at last thank God Almighty, we are free at last (Herst, 2007). This has remained a uniting factor among Ameri rout outs and reminds them of civil rights movement that protruding racial discrimination and injustices. The speech has consistently depicted America as a country whose credo is liberty and justice for all and that the country men must live up to the precepts of t he nation with all of its children (Frady, 2002). Martin Luther pansy Jr presented his speech as a civil rights activist non only black Americans and to all people of Americans. The speech has since promoted idea of unity and equality. The goal of the speech was particularly for Americans to understand and reconcile with him. The speech remains alpha to the public as it brings the issues of society that affect entire America logically and emotionally. Another importance can be drawn from the issue of civil rights that was clearly brought up by the speech Martin Luther King Jr apply rhetorical strategies to the audience that was racially mixed and viewed them as equal and not different in any particular way. The memory of the public cannot escape the... Martin Luther King Jr presented his speech as a civil rights activist not only black Americans but to all people of Americans. The speech has since promoted idea of unity and equality. The goal of the speech was particularly for Americans to understand and agree with him. The speech remains important to the public as it brings the issues of society that affect entire America logically and emotionally. Another importance can be drawn from the issue of civil rights that was clearly brought up by the speech Martin Luther King Jr used rhetorical strategies to the audience that was racially mixed and viewed them as equal and not different in any particular way. The memory of the public cannot escape the bravery of Martin Luther King Jr, this is because at the time of the speech, there was an massive amount of controversy that civil rights were facing. Martin Luther King Jr was even arrested few months prior to his speech in peerless of his anti-segregation dissents and protests, he however continually fought for civil rights. The goal of the speech was to wholly eliminate all problems between the different American races, particularly Black versus White. In his speech he says But one carbon years later, the Negro still is not free. (Branch, 2006) From the beginning of the I Have a Dream speech, Martin Luther King Jr brings the public back to when the Emancipation Proclamation was signed, the very beginning of America. This Emancipation Proclamation gave hopes and freed all slaves of America.

Conformity Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conformity - Term Paper ExampleAs said above, there are several factors that determine the impact of this process. A brief explanation of how few of these factors affect the psychology of a individual is provided with apt examples.Conformity is an interesting topic to be discussed in the field of social psychology because the degree to which it affects each person is completely dependent on the remote factors. There is also another dimension to it wherein the individual conformity comes into picture. Here, the individual by themselves accept the norms of the root word they belong to and respect them. As an individual belonging to any severalizeicular group, there are ever some norms and cultural rules that need to be followed in order to be in social viscidness with the group. The individuals are under immense pressure to follow them so as to be considered a part of that group. In the current world, the generation of youth and peer pressure is forcing more of individuals to s uccumb to the thoughts of superior groups indoors their community. They just sire to do it to survive that atmosphere.Conformity is more of a group culture inference. consequently the size of the group, their cohesion and the status of each individual in the group play a major(ip) part. There are also pundits who moot that conformity is more of a culture oriented subject. They believe that it varies based on different cultures. Asch (1956) has demonstrated an example to prove that conformity is related with culture. He showed that an individuals judging about a generic issue will be influenced by the norms of the group he belongs to, crimson though his individual assessment of the same contradicts. All the experiments d ace by these people have shown that the socio-cultural norms have an impounding effect on the individual conformity exercised. (Asch 1956)Variances of Conformity With the generic meaning of conformity macrocosm discussed, the trinity variances of conformity n eed to be mentioned. Herber Kelman, famous professor of social ethics had defined three variations of conformity. They are discussed below.ComplianceCompliance is a form of conformity where a person, although disagrees about a authentic topic within himself, acts to comply with the others in order to please them or to make them feel comfortable. This resistant of act can either have a positive effect or a ostracize on the individual. Basically, a certain line of reference needs to be drawn such that the person can comply with others in order to please them but have to make sure he or she doesnt lose their self esteem in doing so. An example of such activity would be in a professional environment where a worker has to comply with their boss over any kind of issue in order to satisfy them.( Dittes et al 1956)IdentificationIdentification is rather an alternate modality of looking at compliance wherein the individual admittedly follows the values and norms of other persons they lik e. They willingly want to follow them, their roles and be like them. In some cases, it is how they would have been brought up. An example of such a scenario is where an individual follows the footsteps of his/her bewilder and follows his ideals and values. It is because either he/she liked it or it is the way they are brought up. ( Dittes et al 1956)InternalizationInternalization is one form which in most cases has the highest probability of causing negative vibes within a person. It is where a

Clime letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Clime letter - Assignment ExamplePizza Hut prides itself in 30 minute deliveries or the devote is free. However, my pizza was delivered very late and was lacking a few of the other(a) food items that I did place with my order. non only that but the delivery guy insisted that I pay for the food when your advertising clearly states that when my order is delivered after 30 minutes, I get the food free of charge. Is there a case of saturnine advertising existing here?I am hoping that my experience will serve as a wake up call for your branch of Pizza Hut. Your service is not at par with the other Pizza Hut branches in our area and will destroy the good accompany name that the company has worked hard to build. To resolve this situation, I would appreciate it if your staff would reimburse the amount I paid as per the 30 minute delivery guaranteed promise that Pizza Hut gives all its delivery customers. Enclosed is a copy of my receipt for the transaction in question.I am looking forwa rd to your response and colony of this situation. I will wait 14 days before seeking help from the consumer protection way or the Better Business Bureau. Please contact me at my above address pr by phone at (mention your phone

'Restoring Communities and Young Offenders A Critical Evaluation of Essay

Restoring Communities and Young Offenders A Critical Evaluation of Restorative Justice - Essay representativeUnfortunately, over the last 10 years the number of crimes committed by young people has some(prenominal) increased and there is an urgent need to review and reform the existing restorative practices in assign to prevent further crime growth. The concluding section outlines the key points of restorative referee reform.Restorative judge has started to evolve based on the need for healing relationship as opposed to the criminal arbiter under which the hurt is balanced to hurt (Braithwaite, 157). The aim of the restorative justice is to create the process when each(prenominal) of the pop outies have the opportunity to be heard with respect to their views of the crime and development of the program to restore victims, offenders and the communities. tally to Andrew Ashworth, restorative justice is the process when victims and offenders collectively decide on how to deal wit h the consequences of the crime and its impact on the future (164).Restorative justice has the aim of fully attending the needs of the victims, not only stuff and financial, but as well as emotional and social and preventing the possibility of potential re-offending through the integrating of young offenders into the community again. Through restorative justice offenders learn how to assume the responsibility for their actions and become the part of the working community. Therefore, victims and offenders are the two major parties of attention. The society tends to reject criminals and it is completely understood nobody sine qua nons to risk and guess whether he/she can become the next victim. For this reason people do not want to associate with those who have problems with the law. Victims are not always willing to share their emotions because of fear to be interpret and rejected by the society. Both parties feel being idle in society and restorative justice helps both offende rs and victims to become active community members

Roles, Responsibilities and Skills of a Coach Essay Example for Free

Roles, Responsibilities and Skills of a Coach EssayAlex Ferguson A habit model is a person who serves as a autocratic physical exercise and whose behaviour and success is emulated by others. The room the busbar leases themselves in the presence of their athletic view asers is measur commensurate to express the respect of their suspensors so they be suit able-bodied to coach them self-madely. Alex Ferguson is a fine example of a social function model beca physical exercise he produces such(prenominal)(prenominal) successful groups and al agencys conducts himself in a professional and respectful realityner which rubs off on his players. This is oddly diaphanous in players such as Ryan Giggs and Paul Scholes who are similarly great usage models of the crippled and they devour been heavily influenced by Alex Ferguson through go forth their public lifes.This is adept of the reasons his squad has won the league so legion(predicate) times, became European c hampions and he has created so many world class players. An example of him use this is with Wayne Rooney. When he came to United he had a very fiery temper and would often break the rules and end get yellow carded or sent off causing a disadvantage for his team but after being coached in the right way by Ferguson and follo get ong his example he has learnt to conduct himself properly and control his see red such(prenominal) cave in. This influence from Alex Ferguson has been vital in making him the top class player that he has become.Linford Christie Is overly a great role model but in a several(predicate) way. He is more than of a role model to his suspensors because of his profess sporting achievements. He is the single British man to gain a gold medal in the one hundred m at all four study arguments the Olympic Games and the World, Commonwealth, and European championships and he still holds the British 100m record. This would be impressive to any aspiring athlete and they would be more deally to respect what he says and more likely to listen to him because they live he knows what hes talking ab start. His athletes are inspired by his achievements and forget be more motivated by him being their coach because of all of his achievements. He is quoted in The Independent saying I debate the athletes respond vigorous to me because I swallow been successful. I know what it takes to get to the top. I know what psychological games to play and the importance of mental causation.Alex Ferguson and Linford Christie are homogeneous in that they are some(prenominal) healthy respect and great role models to their athletes. Coaches like this are typically very successful because to be successful it is grievous for their athletes to look up to them so they listen to and respect their advice so the coach can do their think over effectively and improve their procedure. The resistences between the coaches are that Ferguson earns his status as a ro le model for his teach success and Christie gets his from his sporting success. This means that they both beat diverse roles of knowledge and would probably pass on exclusively various train styles. Ferguson is more knowd in coaching and a better manager of his players whereas Christie would induce a better sympathy of any issues his athletes may tolerate because he has been there himself at a higher level than them and he probably doesnt stick to the conventional coaching methods and would see his own ways of doing things.ManagerAlex Ferguson One of Alex Fergusons most important roles is being a proper manager. be a manager involves him being able to man manage players to ensure he gets the best out of them. Management is peculiarly to Ferguson because he coaches football, a team sport so his role as a manager is important to make sure he is picking the right players in the right aspects in the right games and also deciding when to make substitutions at the right time. An example of good managing by him is when he brings on Carlos Tevez as a sub in a tough game when the other forwards are tiring because he has fresh legs and a very good mildew rate. This has proved to be very effective for him because he has brought Tevez on at the right time in close to important games and he has changed the game.Linford Christie One of the roles that Linford Christie would know to fulfil is being a manager. For him this would include being well organised for example having the reading sessions planned in advance the session and most importantly the one to one man management of each of his athletes. This is manifestly very important for Christie to pose as he coaches undivided athletes and he has to manage them in the right way to get the best out of them. For example, some of his athletes superpower respond better to him having a go at them after a poor surgical process and some might respond better to a neighbourly arm around the shoulder. I t is vital that he is able to recognise which athletes need which type of management or he could be defame his relationship with the athlete which could result in a drop in their confidence and their performance.Alex Ferguson and Linford Christie are similar in that they both have to have good man management skills which means they have to be good communicators, good leaders and be able to support their athletes individually. The chief(prenominal) difference between these dickens coaches when it comes to managing is that Ferguson has to make a lot more decisions because he has to make a whole team work together successfully so he has the added responsibilities of picking the squad, when to drop players and who needs to be rested whereas Christie unaccompanied has to be concerned with one athlete at a time and to make sure that athlete is happy and performing well.FriendAlex Ferguson It is important that the coach of a successful team is also a friend to their athletes. This is because if an athlete feels that they have a good relationship with their coach they will perform better overall. Being a friend to their athletes is important to develop loyalty and a good understanding of their athletes. This enables them to know which way to coach them individually also to help the athletes overcome issues and problems such as injuries and personal problems. The main skill needed to fulfil this role effectively is good communion skills. An example of Alex Ferguson being a friend is the way he has supported and encouraged players such as Wes Brown and Owen Hargreaves through safeguarder threatening injuries and offering them advice and help.Linford Christie One of Linford Christies roles as an athletics coach is to also be a friend to his athletes. It is especially important for Christie to have this kind of relationship with his athletes because they are individual athletes and they dont have team mates or many other coaches to rely on for support. Darren Camp bell, one of his asterisk athletes said, Well, to begin with, he is compassionate, says Campbell. He is non a bully. He doesnt throw cups of tea. People who say he is arrogant dont know him. What it is about him is confidence, belief. I know its a fine line, but I have known him since I was a 14-year-old and he has always had a soft side. One of his greatest assets is that mentally he is one of the strongest people I have ever met. It is clear from this statement that he is a friend as well as a coach to this athlete. Darren Campbell is Britains top sprinter so this type of coaching has proved to be a success because he is inspired by Linford Christie, he trusts him and will therefore make his undertaking easier to coach Campbell as he will listen to his advice and empower 100% into cultivation.Alex Ferguson and Linford Christie have similar roles to play as a coach and one of the roles they have in earthy is to be a friend to their athletes. They both do this well and have a good rest of when to be a friend and when to be a coach which can be a heavy balance to have but it is a vital part of achieving success with a team or an individual athlete. I think it is more important for Linford Christie to be a good friend to his athletes because he works with them on a one to one basis in the first place whereas Alex Fergusons main role is to pick a successful team for each game and this is more important than being friendly with the players. It is part of his job to upset players because all of his players in the squad would like to play every game but obviously they cant all the time.EducatorAlex Ferguson An important part of being a successful coach like Alex Ferguson is to be an educator. Even though his players are some of the best players in the world, he still has a role of educating them further so they can continue to develop as players. The educator role for a football coach includes educating the team about new formations, new positions that pla yers may be put in and to further educate them about the game in general. A sports coach also has to have a good amount of knowledge about the scientific side of the game, such as nutrition, recovery and fitness and have the confabulation skills to get these messages through to the players. An example of his success because of the way he has educated his players is when the champions league semi final against Arsenal. Every player had a full understanding of the formation and their role in the team, even though some players were in a different position than what theyre used to such as Ronaldo playing centre forward when hes commonly on the wing. This is because they would have been upbringing during the week before the game getting used to playing this way and so they could ask Alex Ferguson any questions they had about where they were playing so they knew ex movely what to do when it came to the game.Linford Christie Also has to be a good educator in order to produce successful athletes. He has to educate his athletes mainly on their technique because he coaches sprinters and to improve their times they have to improve their technique. Christie has a lot of experience of being a successful sprinter so he passes down this knowledge to his sprinters to improve their times. An example of Linford Christie educating an athlete is when he first had Darren Campbell he realised that the best part of his 100 meter race is the in the end 40 metres so they needed to work on his start and his coach has educated him to improve this.Alex Ferguson and Linford Christie both need to be educators to ensure their athletes are successful but in different ways. Alex Fergusons role as an educator is less particular(prenominal) than Linford Christies because the smallest detail or a slight different technique in sprinting can mean the difference between a gold medal and not even getting a medal. So Christie may have to concentrate on coaching something specific like an athlet e becoming quicker off the blocks. Alex Ferguson has to concentrate mainly on team performance so his educator role mainly concerns coaching the team as a unit on larger scale things such as formation. Sometimes though, Ferguson would also have to coach individually like Christie.ResponsibilitiesLegal obligationsAlex Ferguson Even coaches of professional teams have legal obligations which include abiding by the rules that have been put in place by FIFA. Some of these rules include player protection especially those under 18 and the rules that are set regarding signing players or selling players. For example, if Alex Ferguson wanted to sign Kaka he couldnt start out him or even get in contact with him without his clubs consent or he would be breaching the rules. It is also his legal right to make sure his players are training in a safe environment with safe equipment. He also has to make sure that there are the charm medical mental faculty and facilities to take proper care of his players.Linford Christie Also has to apply with the legal responsibilities that come with being a sports coach. He has to make sure that he is using suitable and safe equipment and facilities when working with his athletes. Christie would also have to have the appropriate coaching qualifications tocoach at the level does. Another one of his legal responsibilities is to educate his athletes and to administer the rules and regulations put in place by the governing consistence of the sport. For example, Linford Christie has to discourage his athletes from using illegal performance enhancing drugs because they are banned from the sport and if he is caught they could both be in serious trouble for happy chance the rules.Both of these coaches have to satisfy their legal obligations as sports coaches and they are similar in doing this because they have the like general legal responsibilities for any coach of any sport, some of which I have already discussed. Their roles differ sl ightly due to the obvious difference in the sport they are coaching. Alex Ferguson has to deal with the issue of buying and selling players and all of the rules that come with it but because Linford Christie is only dealing with individual athletes and its a different business where they dont really buy and sell their athletes. Both coaches obviously have to discourage drug use but it is less popular in football than it is in athletics, particularly in sprinting so it plays more of a role in Linford Christies job than in Alex Ferguson.Professional conductAlex Ferguson One of Alex Fergusons important roles is to conduct himself professionally especially because he is in the media so much and he would get in all sorts of trouble if he didnt act this way especially on television because there are a lot of people that look up to him. He also has to act professional around his players and his staff which would include using appropriate language, being well presented and not smoking or deglutition at inappropriate times such as during training. An example of him being professional is last week when Ronaldo had a tantrum after being substituted against Man urban center which would have been quite embarrassing for him but when he was interviewed about it he acted professionally and didnt overrule on his player he just said that it was good that he wanted to play so much and that hed spoken with him about it.Linford Christie Also has to conduct himself professionally because he is a professional sports coach and he has to be a good role model to his athletes. He has to act professionally with his athletes so things such as executing good practice, setting an example to his athletes, not swearing, drinking or smoking in his athletes presence and complying with the rules the governing body has set.. He should also have the appropriate coaching qualifications to be coaching Olympic athletes. An example of him being professional is when he took two of his athletes to the Olympics but because of a rule saying he couldnt work behind the scenes with his athletes during the competition because of being caught for drugs when he was an athlete he didnt argue it and just sat in the stands to support his athletes.Both of these coaches need to conduct themselves professionally at all times especially when they are with their athletes because they have to set a good example to their athletes and have their respect. Their responsibilities, as far as professionalism goes are the said(prenominal) because they both have to be well presented, execute good practice, adhere to their code of conduct, have the appropriate qualifications to coach at the level they do and act and speak appropriately.Health and safetyAlex Ferguson It is his personal right to ensure his players train and play in a safe environment. For example he cant let his team train on a pitch covered in pot holes because it is formidable and could cause injuries. He has a duty of care to foll ow to protect his athletes. It is also his responsibility to have the appropriate equipment and facilities as well as the health issues he will have to deal with. Issues such as, being aware of illness and injury and taking the appropriate precautions to ensure the care of the players. For example when Ronaldo was hurt at the start of this season, even though he is the best player in the world and obviously he would be a big loss to the team, Ferguson has a duty of care to take care of him and not to let him play before he is properly ready because they need to win a particular game.Linford Christie It is his responsibility to make sure his athletes have a safe environment to train on and to make sure they are wearing the correct equipment for the training surface. For example, if an athlete turns up for training with only his running spikes and Christie has a road running session planned, he cant let the athlete run on the concrete with running spikes on because it is dangerous.H e would just have to adjust the session. He has to make sure his athletes arent over trained and make sure they have appropriate rest, especially before a competition so they can perform well and be successful. It is also his responsibility to be aware of any illness or injuries that means the athlete either cant train at all or can only do certain things so training would have to be adjusted.Alex Ferguson and Linford Christie have the same health and safety responsibilities even though they coach different sports. They have to take health and safety precautions to ensure the safety of their athletes by preventing injuries because an athlete of a team of athletes cant be successful if they move participate in competition due to injury. Linford Christie has to be even more careful with his athletes because they are individual and if the athlete cant perform they cant just be replaced like in Alex Fergusons team.Equal opportunitiesAlex Ferguson Has to make sure he treats everyone p assably and gives everyone equal opportunities and pick his squad based on the players talent not on where theyre from or what they look like. It is his responsibility to pick a successful squad of the best players to win trophies and competitions. For example, Ferguson couldnt refuse to pick someone from Brazil just because he doesnt like them. Alex Ferguson doesnt discriminate against anyone which is one of the reasons he has such a successful team, because he picks the best person for the job regardless. For example, his team comprises of people from all over the world including Anderson, Rafael and Fabio from Brazil, Ji Sung Park from Korea, Nemaja Vidic, Zoran Tosic and Adem Ljajic from Serbia and Patrice Evra from France.Linford Christie It is also one of his responsibilities to give equal opportunities to any athlete that he coaches. He cant discriminate against anyone, he just has to coach any athlete that he thinks he can have a positive effect on and help become successfu l. At the moment he is coaching Katharine Merry and Darren Campbell which proves he doesnt discriminate against sex activity or race, he coaches who he thinks is going to be successful.Both of these coaches have a responsibility to give everyone equal opportunities by not discriminating against things such as age, gender or race. They have to treat everyone as equals and respect their rights.SkillsCommunicationAlex Ferguson It is important for Alex Ferguson to have good communication skills because he has to be able to get his coaching points across effectively. Alex Ferguson is a successful coach because he has very good communication skills and uses all the different types, including verbal and non verbal which includes things like hand signals, body language, eye contact and facial expressions. He is often standing at the side of the pitch yelling instructions and using hand signals to further get the point across. This type of communication can be important in a successful te am performance like when he wants players to swap positions or change formation during the game. He also has to have good one on one communication skills to give feedback and advice to players.Linford Christie It is important for him to have good communication skills so he can get coaching points across so the athletes understand it and it can help them improve their performance. Linford Christie has to have good one on one communication skills and the main type of communication he needs to use is verbal. An example of him using verbal communication with his athlete is when Darren Campbell came second in a race and Linford congratulated him, gave him some positive and veto feedback because he came second and maybe could have won but he explained that he was still high of him and that he had done very well.It is important for every coach to have good communication skills to be successful coaches in any sport. They have to be able to interact with their athletes to be able to get a good understanding of them and therefore the best ways to coach them to get the best out of their athletes. Linford Christie has to focus more on one to one communication with his athletes individually whereas Alex Ferguson is more concerned with team dynamics and making sure they are ok individually so the team performs well. Both coaches use their communication skills effectively to get the best out of their athletes and to keep a high standard of performance. musical arrangementAlex Ferguson It is vital for him to have good organisation skills in order for his athletes to be able to train and play the best that they can.He has to have training sessions planned and set up before they are due to start and he has to employ people at the club that ensure everything to do with his athletes and their needs are sorted so all they have to worry about is training and engaging games. For example, he has other coaches that help him with the sessions and people like a kit manager and othe r managers and administrators are employed to help things run smoothly. The coach has to be very well organised because he has many people working for him and they all have to be organised, where the players have to be and where has to be very well organised because Man United couldnt turn up to a game half an minute of arc late. Everything has to be on point when it comes to running one of the best football clubs in the world successfully.Linford Christie He has to have good organisation skills especially when it comes to training programs, training sessions and competitions. Sprinters have all different kinds of training that they need to do to be successful and they need to have good balance and fit into the training program so that the athlete gets enough rest and recovery and isnt over trained because this would have a negative effect on their performance. They have upper and lower body strength sessions, Plyometrics and power training as well as the obvious sprint training. For this to work well the coach has to be very well organised and have all of the sessions planned in advance and the athlete has to be at events on time and well prepared.Both of the coaches are similar because one of the skills that they have to cause to be successful sports coaches. They both have to plan and organise training sessions, they have to have good time management skills and make sure their players are where they need to be early so they have time to prepare for their competitions and perform their best. It is probably harder for Alex Ferguson because he has to organise an entire squad of players effectively.

Reflection Week Essay Example for Free

Reflection Week EssayApply ratio, vertical, and horizontal analyses to financial statements Ratio analyses are utilise by companies to gather information in a companys financial statement. Ratios and numbers game from a companys current year are compared to previous years and sometimes as yet the economy to judge the companys performance. There are several ratios such as gainfulness ratios, liquidity ratios, activity ratios, leverage ratios and market ratios that can be used to calculate financial information.In vertical analyses, each entry of the assets, liabilities and equities in a balance sheet is represented as a proportion of the intact account of the financial statement. In horizontal analysis a companys ratios are compared in the financial statements over a period of time. Horizontal analysis can be used from revenues to earnings per share. Prepare a statement of cash flows using both direct and confirmative method acting actings. When preparing a statement of ca sh flows, there are two different methods that can be used there is the direct method, and there is also the indirect method.The direct method shows operating cash utility and payments, making it more consistent with the objective of a statement of cash flow, while the indirect method adjusts net income for items that do not affect cash. The FASB allows both methods to be used because in the end the results of the total amount for net cash provided by operating activities arrive in the same demeanor. Companies use many adjustments when preparing such statements so following a proper guide such as the direct method or indirect method will help to ensure that everything is properly in order the way it should be.Prepare journal entries associated with the issuance of preferred and common sprouts and the declaration and payment of dividends The issuance of common stock affects only paid-in-capital accounts. Always record common stock at its par or stated value. debit entry Cash and credit Common Stock. Preferred stock has preference over common stock. However, preferred stockholders do not have voting rights. The entry is debit to Cash and credit to Preferred Stock. For a association to issue cash dividends there must be retained earnings, adequate cash, and a declaration of dividends.A company does not pay dividends unless its board of directors decides to do so, then it is deemed declared. When it is declared then it becomes a liability. trine important dates are observed with dividends declaration date, record date, and the payment date. Declaration commits a corporation to court-ordered obligations.

Adolescent Alcohol Abuse Essay Example for Free

teenager inebriant Ab work EssayOver the years, some(prenominal) researchers engender dedicated their era and energy to study callow intoxicant misapply. They have imbed that on that point be many factors that moderate to young inebriant ab hold. These factors atomic number 18 mental, environmental, social, and cultural. Not all of these factors play a part in every adolescent who do bys inebriant, but one of these factors is usually present. Psychological maladys have been found in both American, and mainland China adolescents who abuse intoxicantic drinkic beverage. The health risks of adolescent alcohol abuse ar great. Alcohol fixs the physiology of a young person.It disrupts the genetics and hormonal balances that are critical in the proterozoic development of youngsters. word of alcohol abuse is a great state of change and development. Many therapists, doctors and counselors are trying to curb new preaching ideas and methods into the traditional techniques that have been used for years now. It is important to research the factors that contribute to adolescent alcohol abuse be stupefy if these factors are detected early, and an adolescent is put into a prevention program the likelihood that they entrust abuse alcohol will greatly decrease. Psychological Factors.See to a greater extentManifest passel essayAccording to the research, there have been many psychological troubles found in adolescents who abuse alcohol. The legal age of the research has been through in order to solve the question of whether or not these psychological factors are present before an adolescent abuses alcohol, or after the alcohol abuse has occurred. In the research done by Rhode, Lewinsohn, and Seeley (1996), they used a community sample of 1,507 adolescents between the ages of fourteen and eighteen. The adolescents were classified into the categories of abstainers, experimenters, social jollifyers, problem drinkers, and abuse and/or dependent g roups.In this study, 373 subjects met the criteria for depression, 15 were bipolar, 93 suffered from manic core symptoms, and 124 had an anxiety disorder (Rhode et al. , 1996). Further more(prenominal), anxiety disorder and depression were psychological disorders that were more prevalent in female adolescents with alcohol abuse than their male counterparts. Males who abused alcohol tended to suffer from antisocial personality disorder. It is believed that females who suffer from anxiety disorder or depression use alcohol as a self-medication to make them feel better.According to Clark, and Bukstein (1998), one radiation diagram of antisocial disorder known as conduct disorder lead adolescents to act out and look out new escorts. This is probably the reason why adolescent males with an antisocial disorder turn to alcohol abuse. According to Rhode (et al. , 1996), More than 80% of adolescents with an alcohol use disorder had some other(a) psychiatric disorder. (p. 106). In his s tudy, the alcohol abuse tended to follow rather than proceed the psychiatric disorder. From this, it can be concluded that certain psychological disorders such as antisocial disorder, and depression are a factor in adolescent alcohol abuse.Environmental Factors Many studies have focused on the environmental factors that adolescents are exposed to, and how these factors lead to alcohol abuse. The aim of a study performed by Clark, Lesnick, and Hegedus (1997), Was to examine trauma history and other adverse invigoration events in adolescents with alcohol dependence or abuse and to compare them with a sample of community-dwelling adolescents without alcohol use disorder (p. 1746). This study included 256 adolescents between the ages of fourteen and eighteen (Clark et al. , 1997). Adolescents who abused, or were dependent on alcohol reported more traumas then those in the control group.The types of abuse experienced by males and females tended to differ. Females experienced more sexual abuse, and males tended to be victims of violent acts. Both sexual abuse victims, and victims of violent acts showed increased tallys of alcohol use than those adolescents who were not abused in any way. If subjects experienced a number of traumas, they tended to abuse alcohol more than those that experienced only one trauma or no trauma at all. From this study, it can be concluded that trauma and abuse leads to adolescent alcohol abuse. Social FactorsA study done on Latino and Black adolescents in the New York inner cities concluded that there were indeed social factors that contributed to adolescent alcohol abuse. The study used a sample of 4,874 Hispanic and African American seventh graders. The pattern of the study was to identify the social risk factors that promote adolescent alcohol abuse in Hispanic and African American (Epstein, Botvin, Baker, Diaz, 1999). If an adolescents friends tended to drink on a consistent basis, he/she showed a greater amount of alcohol abuse t han those who did not associate with friends who did drink alcohol.Also, family members play a major part in adolescent alcohol abuse. The family is another social factor that contributes to adolescent alcohol abuse. If an adolescent saw their heighten consume alcohol, they also tended to abuse alcohol. Parents were not the only family members that influenced adolescent alcohol abuse siblings also had an influence. If a sibling abused alcohol, the adolescent models this abuse. Their findings were present in both Hispanic and African American adolescents. heathenish factors.In the study done by Epstein and her collogues, cultural differences were also a factor in adolescent with alcohol abuse. According to Epstein (et al. , 1999), Hispanic adolescents consumed more alcohol per drinking occasion and had greater intention to drink in the future than black adolescents. This was true when the models were tested separately for girls and boys (p. 16). The use of alcohol among Hispanics c ould be due(p) to the fact that it may be a cultural practice that allows an adolescent to identify with their culture. Religion is another cultural factor that plays a role in adolescent alcohol abuse.African American religions run into the consumption of alcohol a sin, so if an African American practices in their religion they are less(prenominal)(prenominal) likely to abuse alcohol than someone who does not practice their religion. However, this was not a factor for Hispanic adolescent alcohol abuse. A final cultural difference may be that more Hispanic adolescents have immigrated to this country in past years than black adolescents have. Therefore Hispanic adolescents have had the added infraline of adapting to a new society. In turn Hispanic adolescents turn to alcohol abuse as a way of coping with their increased stress. TaiwanAll of the studies mentioned above were performed in the fall in States. However, there have been studies done in other countries on adolescent al cohol abuse. One study was done on adolescents living in Taiwan. The results were very raise. Many of the factors that are presents in American adolescents were also found in adolescents living in Taiwan. According to Chong, Chan, and Cheng (1999), Among those successfully interviewed, 411 were males and 363 were females. Their mean age was 15. 23 years (p. 1389). Like American adolescents who abused alcohol, Taiwan adolescents also had psychological factors presents.The most common psychological disorders found in Taiwan adolescents were disruptive way disorder, depression, and antisocial disorder. These disorders were also present in American adolescents. Alcoholism and Health Adolescent alcohol abuse is recognized as a major health concern in the United States. According to Arria and Tarter (1991), It is likely that an older adolescents who first consumed alcohol in the preteen years will experience greater alcohol-related medical complications than will an adolescent who has b een drinking for a shorter period of time (p. 52).Although the length of time that an adolescent has been drinking is a major factor related to health, it is not the only one. Other factors may include how much alcohol is consumed at one sitting, and just what age the adolescent began to drink. Very knockout drinking may cause accidental injury. And, drinking at an early age may cause gross developmental complications. Arriea and Tarter (1991) noted that many adolescents also experiment with other drugs, while they are under the influence of alcohol. Other drugs may range from marijuana to crack cocaine and LSD. Using alcohol and other drugs combined can cause serious health risks and concerns.One major concern of adolescent alcohol abuse is the effects that abuse has on puberty. The results of the abuse may be most prevalent in the growth of the adolescent. It has been shown in both human and animal studies that alcohol consumption can stunt the fleshly growth of an adolescent ap proaching and during puberty. Arriea and Tarter (1991), stated that, normal physical growth is dependent on a complex interaction between genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences (P. 53). Alcohol severely effects this interaction. handling Whenever we talk about(predicate) alcohol abuse with adolescents, we must talk about the treatment.Without proper treatment, the adolescent will end up in the same place over and over again. In the study done by Bukstein (1994), he stated that, treatment for adolescents currently are undergoing rapid changes,? , by reducing their costs and emphasizing less restrictive treatment modalities (p. 298). Many of the longer 28 or 38 day inpatient programs are being transformed into outpatient or partial hospitalization plans. Because these shorter programs have not been around long complete to gather information for testing, it is unable to tell if they are going to have any var. of affect on the adolescents rehabilitation.I feel that these cut s will have a negative effect on the treatment of youngsters. I think that these shorter programs may work for adults, but they will not work well with the adolescents because of the frantic immaturity present in young people. While many researchers believe that traditional treatment programs are the key, there has been some interest in alternative programs. According to Bukstein (1994), many programs are beginning to fuse an array of, family or behavioral treatments, health services, vocational and educational services, and recreational activities in addition to 12-step principles (p.299).This soma of treatment combines traditional 12-step programs with new innovative ideas of reaching the child through various activities. Once again, this kind of treatment is not yet able to be tested because of its immaturity. It will be very interesting to see what kind of affect this treatment will have. Conclusion There are many factors that contribute to adolescent alcohol abuse. These fac tors may be psychological, environmental, social, or cultural. If these factors were detected in an adolescent at an early age, it could prevent the adolescent form abusing alcohol.Health problems due to heavy alcohol abuse could also be prevented if these factors are detected early enough. Treatment is a crucial part of dealing with an adolescent that is wretched from alcohol abuse. I believe that much research must be done to ensure that methods are being executed properly. There has been some effort to combine new treatment with traditional ones. I believe that this is a good thing. It will be interesting to see if this new treatment will help. References Arria, Amelia M. , Tarter, Ralph E. (1991). The effects of alcohol abuse on the health of adolescents.Alcohol Health and Research World, 15 (1), 52-57. Bukstein, Oscar G. (1994). Treatment of adolescent alcohol abuse and dependence. Alcohol Health and Research World, 18 (4), 296-301. Chong, M. Y. , Chan, K. W. , Cheng, A. T. A . (1999). Substance use disorders among adolescents in Taiwan Prevalence, sociodemeographic correlates and psychiatric co-morbidity. Psychological Medicine, 26 (6), 1387-1396. Clark, D. , Lesnick, L. , Hegedus, A. (1997). Traumas and Other adverse life events in adolescents with alcohol abuse and dependence. Journal of the American Academy of fry Adolescent Psychiatry, 36 (12), 1744-1751.Clark, D. , Bukstein, O. (1998). Psychopathology in adolescent alcohol abuse and dependence. Alcohol Health Research World 22 (2), 117-121. Epstein, J. , Botvin, G. , Diaz, T. (1999). Impact of social influences and problem behavior on alcohol use among inner-city hispanic and black adolescents. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 60 (5), 595-604. Rhode, P. , Lewinsohn, P. , Seeley, J. R. (1996). psychiatric comoribidity with problematic alcohol use in high school students. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 35 (1), 101-109. Adolescent Alcohol Abuse Juvenile Delinquency .

Some Productive Ways Students Can Spend Their Leisure Time Essay Example for Free

Some Productive Ways Students Can Spend Their Leisure meter EssayLeisure eon may not come very frequently for students and should therefore be used wisely. Students should value this time as taking time out from their set routine of poring over is of resilient importance.Leisure time tolerate be used for reflection, relaxation and setting goals into perspective.A good start would be to create a list of activities they would like to accomplish.They can then schedule these activities.These activities should bebeneficial to the body and mind. Staying healthy and activeis vital for a well balanced life. A good diet with nutritional meals is important for students who want to cleave healthy. Being active can lead to one having increased energy and can be reposeful as well This does not need to include a rigirous exercise routine but can include a walk to the park to get some fresh air.Cleaning out personal dimension by tidyingup and organising is also a form of staying fit and can lead to a great smack of accomplishment when completed. Students can stimulate their minds by meditating or learning new skills. This time can be used to try something they have wanted to do for ages but never had time for.There is peradventure even a book they have wanted to read. This can be relaxing and build up ones vocabulary at the same time They could find their creative side by starting a hobby which can reduce stress and keep their minds active and creative. They can also use their time to reflect on their studies by looking at what they have learnt and what they may need to place more(prenominal) focus on. Ensuring they ar up to date with everything bequeath give them peace of mind. Reviewing of the list of activitiesplanned is important as students will be able to see what they have accomplished during their leisure time. Crossing off activities will motivate students as they will see the goals they have reached and lead to them set new milestones. Time inevita bly to be made to clear theirminds and gain perspective of the path they are following in life. This is life-or-death for self developmentand fulfillment of personal and developmental goals. Students need to focus onspending their leisure time on activities that are beneficial, worthwhile and will lead them to feeling empowered with a sense of accomplishment.

Data communications and neetworks Essay Example for Free

Data communications and neetworks EssayWhat is signalling? Signalling is a term exercisingd for the use of entropy beingness transmitted or carried across a medium for instance in a network this could be a cat 5 cable. There has to be a way as well as for the getr to interpret the data being sent and this is controlled by whats called convert however the word pitch contour also office the same thing. The signal that is sent it modified in a way for it to refer data. There be diverse types of infection methods which differ from what type of medium you are using for example cables or wireless in that location are four which are listed below 1. Electrical uses your cables to transport data amid nodes 2. Radio Waves this would be your wireless networks and could also include Bluetooth devices. 3. Light this would use fibre optical cabling to send high speeds of data 4. Microwave Analogue Digital Signalling There are two different types of signalling and these can be d champion in Analogue which means it changes all prison term in twain amplitude and frequency. For example an analogue clock which has its hands moving all the time is ever-changing the time all the time. Whereas with digital signalling which are representations of discrete time signals.For example a digital clock shows the legal proceeding and non the seconds. When the information is being sent over a network when communicating, the information can impress in two forms, these are analogue and digital. The difference between the two is simple that analogue signalling neer stops, and the information is being sent continuously, a good example of this signalling is clocks. An analogue clock depart neer stop, as the second hand is always ticking, thusly one can record an accurate rendering of the time to the second, or even millisecond. For example, 1 hour 15 minutes and 24 seconds.Appose this to digital signalling where one can not get an accurate reading of a clock as i t will only show the minutes. And therefore is not continuous. This is because the data is consisting of discern states, which are on or off. sine Wave This type of wave has two properties a Amplitude Frequency, the amplitude represents the strength of the signal which would be the volume of a sound for example somebody talking. If the amplitude is stronger than it will travel further. The frequency of a Sine Wave is the rise and fall of the wave from the adjust to the top and then back to the zero this is known as a cycle and is measured in Hz.The higher frequency the more cycles and therefore the lower the frequency the lower the cycles. Analogue The image below shows the analogue type of signalling its constantly changing and represents all the values in the wave range, there is always a value in between a value and another. http//moodle. derby-college. ac. uk/mod/resource/view. php? id=2346 Digital With digital signalling there are no in betweens like there in analogue its simply either 1 or 0, digital represents separate states and the change between these are practically unnoticeable. http//moodle. derby-college.ac. uk/mod/resource/view. php? id=2346 Asynchronous Transmission Asynchronous transmitting is when signals are not sent at regular intervals. A good example of this would be a user using a keyboard attached to a computer. The characters are sent irregularly however the bits must(prenominal) be sent at known intervals. This is done by having accurate clocks at twain ends of the link. The receiving clock starts when it receives the first bit from the transmitter, this is also known as the start bit. The telephone receiver then expects to receive a known number of bits every tick of the clock.When it has received these bits the clock may stop the ratiocination bit is known as the stop bit. Synchronous Transmission However when large volumes of data are to be transferred, the waste of the stop and stop bits with every character means that a synchronous transmission is not an efficient method. With high-speed devices, and buffered low-speed devices, data can be transmitted in large, timed, synchronous blocks. The clocks, in the receiver and transmitter, are kept synchronised by sending regular groups of special characters called SYN characters.Each time one of these groups is detected the receiver re-sets its clock, the data apart from this, its transmitted in exactly the same way as for asynchronous transmission. We can visualise the data as follows Bit Synchronisation In a digital signal, as well as on occasion, an analogue one, all the different devices must know how a great deal the signal varies along the transmission medium. For example, if the speed of the changes goes faster then the rate at which the device checks for changes, there will be a few of the bits missed between samples.If then sampling rate goes faster then the rate at which the transmission goes, the same bit will be used for a different sample a second time. To combat this fact, the devices are made to a universal bill so that they can work together in harmony, and there are set systems in emerge to allow the data to be transferred correctly. A lot of the current technologies use asynchronous serial transmission. This transmission method is used when data is not sent at regular intervals, but the bits themselves endure to be sent with regularity, some examples of these are keyboard, mice or even modems.During the spans of time that no signal is sent, the line or other medium is in what is called an idle state. This is defined by the constant 1 signal being sent. One there is a packet of data that needs to be sent, for example, a key on the keyboard is pressed, the receiver first gets a start bit, a 0 state instead of a 1 to define the beginning of a piece of data now being sent to the receiver, it is then sampled and at the end of the data transmission, the signal returns to the original constant 1 state. Encoding Metho ds Encoding simply means that the information is converted from one format to another format.This is a process that the data needs to have done to it before the computer can understand it and process it. There are different types of encryption which are Manchester Encoding is a data communications line code which provides a way of encryption binary data sequences. Each bit is related to by at least one electric potential level transition. Manchester encoding is said to be self clocking this means that synchronisation of a data stream is possible. Huffman Encoding is another algorithm used for data compression the coding uses a limited method for choosing the representation for each symbol.Unipolar Encoding This type of encoding has 2 voltage states, one of these states is zero and because of this its also know as Return to Zero (RTZ) Unipolar encoding is used in computers logic and an example of where its used in computers is the TTL logic. Polar Encoding Polar encoding is when the digital encoding is on a level with zero volts for example the RS232 standard interface uses Polar encoding and distant Unipolar the value doesnt return to zero, its either a positive or negative voltage. With polar encoding it reduces most of the residual DC problem.

Interstate conflicts Essay Example for Free

interstate conflicts EssayIntroductionInterstate conflicts be an integral bump of the 21st century. The previous century was dominate by some(prenominal)(prenominal) world wars which were extremely violent and the repercussions of which the world is facing even today. It becomes essential to the hold the different dynamics of interstate conflicts in order to expedite the processes of conflict management and resolution. There argon different actors in a conflict environment and chew media is an important one among them. It is through mass media that conflicts are communicated to citizens. Mass media influences the citizens impression and image of the other i.e. the enemy in pursuition. Proliferation of mass media technology has resulted into mediates conflicts. Conflict is continuously hammered upon the audience by various forms of media and hence the need to critically render the various aspects of medias role in conflict. This study deals with the most crucial confli ct in south Asia i.e. of India-Pakistan. This conflict has shaped the political and economic situation in the sub-continent.Mass medias role in the India-Pakistan conflict has been much debated by scholars and media n professionals a wish well. What has not been explored is the possibility of quiescence Journalism as contend to mainstream War Journalism mingled with the two countries. For this very purpose, the researcher has selected a Peace Journalism try named Aman Ki Asha (Hope for Peace). The campaign was launched on January 1st, 2010 by The Times of India (India) and The Jang Group (Pakistan) leading media ho drills of the respective countries. The campaign intends to piss an enabling environment by facilitating dialogue in the midst of the two governments, encouraging citizenry-to-people contact, thereby contributing to rest between the two countries.The initiative is the first of its kind by print media in the sub-continent. It seeks to satisfy its quest for quietu de by discussion on all contentious issues between the two countries through mediums like seminars, conferences, cultural festivals and all other forums of people to people contact. The campaign has similarly committed itself to positive use of print media to promote the benefits of peace and give space to each others point of weigh on issues of dispute. So far, Aman Ki Asha has organized literary and music fests, editors conferences, trade conferences and strategic seminars to realize its vision.Peace Journalism in the context of India and Pakistan assumes much richness because media in both the nations redeem beenvehicles to spread hate and animosity. Dissemination of stereotypical images and conventional messages has been at the forefront of media activity in India and Pakistan. During the Kargil War (1999), media contributed to building up of the war hysteria. Thus, media has essayed a by and large negative role when it comes to promoting peace between the two neighbors. Lo oking at the higher up mentioned arguments, Aman Ki Asha offers a different perspective on what kind of role notify be vie by the media in the course of India-Pakistan conflict. It is a Peace Journalism venture launched for the first time in the media history of the two nations. Its critical examination mountain offer insights into the workings of the Peace Journalism lesson in current and conflicting times. Moreover, it comes at a time when there looms a constant panic roughly a nuclear zed conflict in South Asia. Hence, the campaign has been chosen for the study. healthUse war as a metaphor for disease one which needs cure consist the idea that was is a disease that has afflicted the people of both countries Peace has been used as a metaphor for a healthy state of mind and body. Healthy and progressive relations between India-Pakistan notify be cleared through peace. Intricate connections between war-disease and peace-health go through been affirmed by all the binds i nfra this case. Cooperating on health issues is seen as a possibility of widening dialogue among citizens of both countries. The articles under this theme force the campaigns stress on cooperation between soft areas like health, IT, education, agri socialization, tourism etc. However, there is no specificity on what kind of mechanisms ought to be create to counter these health threats. There is not much study available in the articles on what kind of health threats do people in Pakistan face and also no commentary slightly the need to channelize money organism overspent on defense by both nations on building better health infrastructure.Thus, there is no correlation established between the concept of perceived threat and neglect of peoples issues in both countries. People-to-People contact through sector-wise cooperation has been emphasized repeatedly but questions about its sustainability and impact open not been addressed at all. The styles in which the three articles go be en written is starkly different The stand point taken by all the three stories ispro-peace and pro-cooperation The article dated November 20, 2011 seeks stories from ordinary people on both sides of the border. It peachs about ailing Pakistani children being operated in India free of cost It shows that the existing gap between the two nations arouse be achievementfully bridged by its common people. There is no exploration of the facet of Pakistanis contributing to Indian medicine and health care in any way but the vice-versa has been reported.(1) BUSINESS/ECONOMYBusiness/trade has been identified as another important area of cooperation by the campaign. This is evident from the number of articles devoted to the theme. The articles on business call visa restrictions prevalent between the two countries as the major hurdle for advancement of economic ties. They conceal important statements from policy-makers marking a shift in the attitudes of governments on both sides when it com es to trading. Eg Statement from Pakistani craft Minister first to visit India in 35 years. Trading ties with India for Pakistan are a typesetters case of topic interest not only for its government and citizens, but also for its army establishment which speaks volumes about the military being an important stake-holder in the political system of Pakistan. The militarys stake in the peace process whitethorn lead to an stainlessly different set of consequences which has not been debated at all.There is also a passing play mention about the arrangement of SAFTA (South Asia Free Trade Agreement) but no analysis of how its workings have been hampered by the discord between India and Pakistan. Apart from increasing trade ties, the two nations as mentioned in the articles goat also help each other in building institutions of commerce and capacity building of people in the field of business. Enhancing trade tries is not viewed as being restricted to the easing of the visa administrat ion but has been furthered to action oriented cooperation. A possibility to strengthen localityal cooperation through SAARC (South Asia Association for kingdomal Cooperation) has been envisioned. This shows the desire for normalcy not only in bilateral relations but peace for the entire South Asian region items etc the latter assigninging the same to Pakistan in 1996.(2)POLICYKabul river treaty between Afghanistan and Pakistan and how Indias aid toAfghan developmental projects is creating mistrust between India and Pakistan. This is in consensus to the Peace Journalism model developed by Galtung which says that peace saucys media does not restrict the number of parties in a conflict to two and also reports about other parties which may have an indirect or direct influence on the conflict. The article provides a factual and critical analysis to dispel suspicious thinking on part of Pakistan.This is an important component of peace journalism because if threats of conflict are cri tically analyzed, then they might erupt certain misconceptions and pre-conceived notions.(3) This a very good example of peace reporting and it stands out among the entire readiness of articles mainly because it is analytical in nature as opposed to factual reports. One of the characteristics of peace journalism is looking at larger benefits of peace and cooperation, which this article successfully does. It also prescribes peace alternatives for eg How India can advance an Afghan-Pak piss treaty to remove suspicions about its role.CULTURE/ENTERTAINMENTCulture may not attend to be an obvious avenue of cooperation between the two countries but it is an important one because culture has involved influence and impact on people. It is through culture and different forms of mass media that existing stereotypes can be crackd. India-Pakistan cooperation in the sector of culture is not an institutionalized one. It has gr give birth by itself. Over the time, Pakistani artists have been accepted whole-heartedly by the Indian audience and they have also gained commercially by being a part of the Indian entertainment industry. Their Pakistani identity has not come in the way of their achieving success in Bollywood.They have do a home for themselves in India, says the article, which essentially signifies the transcendence from rigid to negotiable national identities in this case. There is a possibility for greater cooperation in sectors of film and music by the way of cross country productions between India and Pakistan. For eg An India-Pak film festival. This is a very significant article because the Aman ki Asha campaign itself has been a venue for various cultural exchanges between the two countries through which the ability of culture to diddle people together is demonstrated.(4) Civil Society and Peace ActivistsA number of civil order of magnitude organizations and NGOs are working to promote peaceand harmony between two nations. They include among others So uth Asian Free Media Association (SAFMA), Pakistan, Green circle Organization (GCO), Pakistan, Institute for Secular Studies and Peace (ISSP), Pakistan and Aman Ki Asha (Hope for Peace) a joint venture of two daily newspapers of India and Pakistan. (5) Peace between India and Pakistan has been stubbornly elusive and til now invitingly inevitable. This vast subcontinent senses the bounties a peace dividend can deliver to its people yet it recoils from claiming a share. The natural whimsey would be to break out of the straitjacket of stated positions and embrace an ideal that promises sustained prosperity to the region, yet there is hesitation. There is a collective paralysis of the give, induced by the trauma of birth, amplified by saturnine starts, mistrust, periodic outbreaks of violence, suspicion, misplaced jingoism and diplomatic doublespeak.Tragically, opportunity knocks unheard on doors bolted on the inside. Opportunism, that appeals to atavistic passions, elicits an arcm inute response to every single knock. It is one of historys ironies that a people who share so much, refuse to acknowledge their similarities and focus so avidly on their differences. We regard it is time to restore the equilibrium. humanity opinion is far too potent a force to be left in the work force of narrow vested interests. The people of today must find its voice and force the rulers to listen. The awaam must write its own placards and fashion its own slogans. The leaders must learn to be led and not blindly followed. question about the given is often the genesis of faith. This skepticism has been brewing. It can be unleashed to forge a new social compact between the people of this region. The media in India and Pakistan speaks directly to the hearts and minds and stomachs of the people. It can help in writing a final chapter, adding a happy twist to a story that seemed headed for tragedy. It can do so by shaping the discourse and steering it away from rancour and divisiv eness.It has the maturity to recognize the irritants and obstacles to peace and will not take a timid stance towards the to a greater extent intractable and contentious issues whether relating to Kashmir, water disputes or the issue of cross-border terrorism. It can offer solutions and nudge the leadership towards a sustained peace process. It can create an enabling environment where new ideas can germinate and bold initiatives can sprout. The media can bring forth the conversation where a plurality of views and opinions are not drowned out byshrill voices. It can advance polluted mindsets and revive the generosity of spirits which is a distinctive trait of the subcontinent. It can help unruffled the temperature and wean away the guardians from fortified frontiers. It can argue the case for allocating scarce resources where they are needed the most. We believe that this is an intervention whose time has come. We recognize that set backs will occur but these should not derail the process. We will need to reach out and pluck the low hanging fruit in the beginning in the first place we aim higher.Issues of trade and commerce, of investments, of financial infrastructure, of cultural exchanges, of religious and medical tourism, of free movement of ideas, of visa regimes, of sporting ties, of connectivity, of reviving existing routes, of market access, of separated families, of the plight of prisoners, will be part of our initial agenda.. They talk to each other about food, about music, about poetry, about films, about theatre and about the protract absences spawned by lost years. They share anxieties, discuss rising prices, seek advice on their childrens education, gossip about their in-laws, trade anecdotes and laugh at the foibles of politicians. We want to lower the walls so that the conversation continues. We owe our unborn generations the by rights to rise out of the depths of poverty, and squalour. It is embarrassing to read the statistics confirming our resistance to positive change in the handle of education, health and poverty alleviation. All social indices are stacked against us and will remain so unless we scatter the war clouds that menace our skies.There are external elements at work in the region that thrive on the animosity between the two neighbours. They have a stake in care the region in turmoil. We need to combat them by making them irrelevant. A surge of goodwill and tractability on the part of civil society and the media will push these forces back by denying them the raw fabric that manufactures hate. Our subcontinent needs to follow the footprints left behind by the great poets, sufi saints and the bhakts who preached and practiced love and inclusiveness. This is the primer of Tagore and Ghalib, of Bulleh Shah and Kabir, of Nanak and Moinuddin Chisti. It is their spirit that will guide us in this journey. The one and half billion people of this region await the dawning of an age where peace, equality and t ranquility prevails. This will happen when every heart trounce with Aman ki Asha. What Aman ki Asha has achieved so farAman ki Asha has brought about a sea change in perceptions about each other among Indians and Pakistanis. Independent surveys in India and Pakistan have shown that as a result of the Aman ki Asha campaign, every positive perception about Pakistan in India has improved, and every negative perception has fall. Some of the more significant changes in perception include. Before Aman ki Asha was launched only 4% Indians knew Pakistans point of view on the Kashmir after 12 months of campaigning this increased by 425%, to 17%.(6) 1. The terror perception of Pakistan decreased from 59% to 29%. 2. The hope for sustainable peace in our lifetime increased from 13% to 29% 3. The desire for peace amongst Indians increased from 62% to 82% Indians familiar with and following the Aman ki Asha campaign had an well-nigh 40% more positive perception about Pakistan than those not fam iliar with Aman ki Asha.By openly and aggressively campaigning forthe resolution of disputes, establishing trade and investment relations and greater people to people contacts, Aman ki Asha has enabled all other stakeholders , NGOs engaged in peace-building, politicians, the business community and civil society leaders to openly advocate normalization of relations between Pakistan and India far more rigorously than before. (7) Aman ki Asha has brought the business communities of both countries together in their individual capacities as well as the two largest business associations of India and Pakistan the Pakistan Business Council and the alliance of Indian Industries. By strongly advocating economic collaboration and making presentations to the Commerce Ministry of Pakistan, Aman ki Asha has provided impetus to Pakistans grant of MFN status to India.By providing a platform for an open and honest discussion on contentious issues and freehanded voice to the strong desire of the p eople of both countries for peace, Aman ki Asha has given tremendous confidence to both governments to negotiate with an open mind and show flexibility (during his visit to Pakistan, the then Indian Foreign MinisterS.M. Krishna publically acknowledged that, the sea change in the relations between India and Pakistan during the last two years is mostly attributable to the efforts of Aman ki Asha and we now share the optimism of Aman ki Asha). All mainstream political leaders of Pakistan Mian Nawaz Sharif, then crest Minister Yusuf Raza Gillani, Altaf Hussain, Imran Khan, Liaqat Baloch have stronglyendorsed the objectives and the positive contribution of Aman ki Asha. Aman ki Asha has not only captured the resourcefulness of the people of both countries it has drawn wide and vocal support from the international community.(8)ConclusionFrom the above analysis, we can conclude that the Aman Ki Asha campaign has focused on events like trifleings of elites, dialogues with top level officials, policy makers, and subject experts to stress on sector wise engagement between the two countries. The campaign is an initiative to dismantle stereotypes prevailing in both countries and a subtle critique on the media which relies heavily on chauvinistic discourse and demonizing the other. It has provided a scope for voices of peace to be heard and has ventured the path less treaded. It has tried to establish itself as a model of peace journalism by portraying the good work through by people on both sides of the border. The thrust of the campaign comes from the belief that peace can be achieved as a result of cooperation enhanced in different sectors. However, the articles of the campaign do not prod deeper and provide a critical commentary on various peace alternatives that can be made available to India and Pakistan. Certainly, peace reporting should be optimistic, but it should also be balanced with the aim of manoeuvre future policy decisions.Many first time initiat ives taken up by the campaign have been discussed in the articles (eg meetings of foreign missions of subject experts, visit of Pakistan Commerce Minister etc). The campaign has been a platform for elites of the two countries to meet up and exchange ideas. The articles have not covered a single visit of an Indian delegation to Pakistan which may come out as a skewed form of 15 cultural exchange. This is not to conclude that vice-versa exchanges have never taken place. Only they have not been reported in the selected smack for study. The study is limited in the sense of not being able to study the Jang Group of publications for articles about the campaign that have appeared in the Jang newspaper and its other associates. The inability to study the Jang newspaper has been because of the language barrier. The articles in the newspaper are in Urdu. However, future studies can consider including The in the buffs International, a daily from Pakistan which has partnered Aman Ki Asha wit h The Times of India.Studiesincluding articles from Jang and The News International will be able to provide a more holistic and balanced view of the campaign. Also the paucity of news articles talking about exchanges between common citizens can be attributed to two reasons Since, the campaign is of a continuous nature it may not be attainable to deem each exchange and interaction between representatives of both countries as news. Hence, only some which are considered to be important and of news value have been presented in the campaign. Foreign Policy is the domain of the elite and interaction between elites is perceived to be of much more importance than between ordinary citizens to bring about an effective change in the attitudes of policy makers.Despite the lacunae in the articles analyzed, the campaign comes extremely stringent to the normative prescriptions developed by Galtung for a Peace Journalism model. As has been observed in the info analysis section, all the articles conform to the selected considerations in some or the other way. All considerations may not apply at the same time to a particular article. Through analysis, there has been an attempt to depict the underlying nuances of the documents which may not be quite apparent to the reader. The campaign thus, serves as a Peace Journalism model the first of its kind in the context of India-Pakistan and assumes not just greater importance but also greater responsibility to meet the challenges that lie.References1 Patel, T. (2005). News Coverage and Conflict colonization Aid or Impediment. Unpublished M.Phil Dissertation, University of Queensland. Australia.2 http//amankiasha.com/faqs.asp Accessed on February 23, 2012 3 Chattarji, S. (2008). Tracking the Media Interpretations of Mass Media Discourses in India and Pakistan. Routledge, New Delhi. 4.http//amankiasha.com/joint_statment.asp5. Alam, I. (2006). Media and Peace in South Asia. Pakistan Free Media Foundation. 6. Anupama, C. (2007). King o f Bollywood Shah Rukh Khan and the Seductive World of Inidan Cinema. New York Warner Books. 7. Bhaumik, S. N. (2006). governance of Indian War Films. Pakistan South Asian Policy Analysis Network. 8. Holm, A. N. Holm, A. N. (2008). Batting for Peace. Germany VDM Publishers. Bibliography9. Kukreja, V. Singh, M. P. (2008). Democracy, Development and Discontent in South Asia. New Delhi Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. 10. Rao, S. (2010). Shah Rukh Khan Symbol of Indian Secularism. Pakistan South Asian Journal. (Journal 29, named Cinema in South Asia). 11. Saigol, R. (2006). Ideology and Curriculum in India and Pakistan. Pakistan South Asian Free Media Association (SAFMA). 12. Gupta, A. (2006). Indias sonant Power. Indian Foreign Affairs Journal. Page 50-52. New Delhi