The Historical Development of Counselling

1. 1 inform the historical increment of counsel Counselling and Psychotherapy began in the early 18th century. The transposition in how society dealt with mental health issues came about primarily delinquent to the advent of the popularisation of science through the beginning of the industrial revolution. parliamentary law became increasingly transient and anonymous and the responsibility for behaviour became from the individual alternatively than from the community as a whole. In the 1880s Sigmund Freud authentic a theory about the unconscious mind and went on to create psychoanalysis.many therapists restrain been influenced by Freud and gone on to develop his theories. Freud collaborated with a deed of analysts and set up the Vienna Psychoanalytic society. Not competent amongst these is Carl Jung who substantial Psychodynamics and focussed on dream analysis. Alfred Adler whos most famous concept was the lower status complex and too Otto Rank who was the secretary of th e society. B. F Skinner was in like manner influenced by Freuds work. Skinner rejected the nonion of the psyche and developed his avouch theory called radical behaviourism which is essentially the science of behaviour.Abraham Maslow developed the theory of a * Hierarchy of Human ineluctably (1943) Maslow believed that on that point where a set number of implys which had to be met before the customer was fitting to achieve ego actualisation, a term meaning the node comer their bountiful potential. Carl Rogers was the main proponent of person centred therapy which began in the 1940s. This approach was human-centered and saw the leaf node rather than the therapist as the expert of their life. someone centred therapy believes the guest holds the answers and has the power of autonomy.The proponent is there to help facilitate this adjoin by use of the warmheartedness conditions. This humanist approach relies less on medical knowledge and training and more on lay analy sis. The principles of humanistic medicine atomic number 18 communication, respect and also an emotional connection between advocator and their node. 1. 2 exempt the philosophical priming coat of Person Centred Counselling. The basis of the person centred approach is an optimistic outlook of individuals and a belief that throng have the cleverness and inner resources to be able to resolve their sustain issues and arise forward in a positive direction.It believes that all human race be innately social and constructive beings and that we ar all move to seek the truth. We also directed by our need for self have in mind Each individuals behavior is influenced by how they see themselves. We are all trying to develop and be the best that we can be, and this suffice is guided by internal and external forces. By using the core conditions of Congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy the counsellor is able to develop a healthful relationship with the client.This relationship should be establish on comparability and the counsellor should provide a safe environment in which the client is empowered to look for their self perception and achieve greater self sentience. This self awareness impart enable the client to compel skilful in their self concept and go on to enable them to encounter their full potential. 1. 3 Explain the key concept principles of Person Centred Counselling The main principles of Person Centred Counselling include a right to autonomy.No advice or guidance should be given by the counsellor as the client has the ability to self actualise and find their own answers. The ability to discover themselves achieves beneficial long term results as the client bequeath learn how to look at their own feelings and actions in the future and become self sustaining. Rogers demonstrates a 7 Stage process of win over to endeavour to clarify how the client moves forward during the counsel process. At the beginning of the way the c lient go out feel defensive and rigid in their thought processs. The will have poor self-awareness and have trouble recognising feelings.As the therapy continues they will submit to a graduate change encompassing the following stages. * Personal Constructs- Conditions thought of as facts and not open to change. * Internal Dialogue. A fright or avoidance of internal conversations and the client is fearful of thinking too more than. * Expression. Client fearful and uncomfortable in expressing themselves * Differentiation and elaboration of experience. Clients jump- graduation back seeing things in a very black and fresh manner with no grey areas. This change during the charge process.* Perception of problems. Clients start off believing it is other people that have the problem unless gradually come to terms with their own issues and no longer fear them. * Attitude to change. The client goes from not believing they can or should change to being open to and even relishing the p ossibility. * Bodily Changes. The client will have less physical symptoms of unhappiness such a headaches, temper etc. Their feeling of contentment will manifest themselves and a healthy outlook. It of necessity to be recognised that every client is individual and there is no guarantee how they will go about the therapeutic process.These stages should and be looked as a guide to some of the steps the client may take. 1. 4 Explain how Person Centred Counselling would inform the get along of a qualified trained counsellor By creating a therapeutic environment in which the client feel safe to be just honest and open about their thoughts and feelings we can enable the client to be become self actualised and able to find a way to move forward. In severalize to create this environment we need to offer the client warmth, respect and a safe place where they can openly explore themselves.This offering of unconditional positive regard will enable the client to feel accepted and understo od and this will encourage them to practice full self disclosure without any fear of judgement or rejection. The counsellor needs to be aware of the clients anxiety and able to enter the clients own world and develop and discernment of it. Rogers wrote * It (empathy) means temporarily living in his/her life, moving about in it delicately without making judgements, sensing meanings of which he/she is scarcely aware, but not trying to uncover feelings of which this person is entirely unaware, since this would be too threatening. This feeling of empathy with what the client is experiencing and ability demonstrate this catch to the client will build a reassurance within the client that we have a deep emotional awareness of what they are experiencing. In order to achieve these conditions we starting signally need to establish congruence. Rogers states ** personal growth is facilitated when the counsellor is what he is, when the relationship with his client is genuine and without fron t or frontlet , openly being the feelings and attitudes which at that moment are flowing in him.The counsellor should be able to be genuine and open with their feelings and understanding and be able to demonstrate this transparency to the client during their relationship. 1. 5 Explain how the chosen mould influences the understanding of the development of the self concept. The Organismic self is an internal evaluation system we are all born with. It gives us an innate awareness of how to sustain motivations and needs. The organismic self has the following traits. * self-generated /creative/fluid * self-perpetuated/ regulated self-directing- Knows how to drive forward to goal * self-maintaining- How to reenforcement safe and well * self-enhancing- Knows what gives pleasure * self-replicating This system is defined by Rogers as the internal locus of evaluation and can be defined in the following way * How you feel about right/wrong- good/bad- what you want/dont want * This is an image of the ideal self and how you perceive you should think/act *1980 p142 **Person to Person p90 As we mature we move more with other people and our valuing system begins to change.In order to discharge approval and acceptance from people around us we adapt our behaviour. The first example of this will usually be as a tyke trying to please and parent or guardian and may pass over to family, friends, colleagues and society as whole as we get older. We develop a self concept which is how we would like to be perceived by others and is based on what we feel we should be like in order to get through love and acceptance. Rogers defines these changes as the external locus of evaluation and is * Driven by other individuals/society Creates ideal self what how you perceive you should be * Needs approval from others to gain love an acceptance * Conditions of value- Acting in a certain way to be loved By living with this self concept we can feel lost and conflicted about who we are. Our sense of worth is based on how we perceive other people to be reacting to us and we can develop a reliance on a need to please others in order to value ourselves. Person centred counselling aims to get the client to recognise their own inner feelings and to re-introduce them to their organismic self.By doing this we can hope to achieve wherein the Organismic self and the Self fancy overlap and we are able to live to our full potential. 1. 6 Explain why it is important to have an understanding of a therapeutic model before using its methods and techniques Unless the therapeutic model is used then a counsellor would be unable to work with the core conditions and may be unable to demonstrate congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy. All these are vital in order for the client to feel comfortable and able to share their innermost thoughts and feelings.It is vital the counsellor and client have an awareness of professional boundaries and the counsellor has sufficient kn owledge and insight to ensure the client is not left in an unsafe position. By ensuring the rules are clearly defined and the beginning of the process through the use of a repress the client will be fully aware of what they can count from the counselling. For example, the client needs to be made aware they will not be receiving advice and they will be expected to find their own answers.The concern of the expectations of the client will prevent them from feeling frustration with the counsellor and also give them a greater insight into the therapeutic process. The counsellor needs a full understanding of all the stages of the process of change in order to move the client forward and have awareness when the counselling has reached its natural conclusion. This will enable to the client to move on and not develop and over reliance on the therapy sessions. By ensuring the above conditions are met the counsellor has a solid base in which to begin the counselling and ensure the client h as a positive experience.